Dry Eye Disease in Children: A Growing But Manageable Concern

In recent years, dry eye has become increasingly common among children, teenagers, and young adults, rather than primarily affecting those in middle age as it once did. Changes in lifestyle, particularly increased screen use, mean more young people are experiencing symptoms that can affect both comfort and vision.

The good news is that, with early recognition and simple management strategies, dry eye syndrome in children can be effectively controlled.

What is Dry Eye?

Dry eye develops due to an imbalance between the tear film and the surface of the eye. Factors such as prolonged screen use, environmental pollution, and lack of sleep can reduce our blink rate, leading to a negative impact on the production and distribution of tears across the front surface of the eye.

In children, dry eyes may be overlooked as symptoms can be subtle or mistaken for tiredness or allergies. However, identifying the condition early is important to prevent ongoing discomfort and any potential impact on visual development.

What Causes Dry Eye in Children?

Dry eye in children is usually linked to a combination of environmental and behavioural factors rather than an underlying disease.

Increased screen time is one of the most significant contributors. When using screens, children tend to blink less frequently, which can lead to faster tear evaporation and dryness.

Reduced blinking affects both the production and distribution of tears across the eye. Concentrated activities such as gaming, reading, or prolonged use of digital devices can significantly reduce blink rate.

Environmental factors, such as air-conditioned environments, central heating, and exposure to wind or dry air, can also contribute to tear film instability.

Children who wear contact lenses may be more prone to dryness, particularly if lenses are worn for extended periods or without appropriate lubrication.

In some cases, dry eye may be linked to allergies or eyelid conditions such as blepharitis, which can affect tear quality and stability.

What Signs Should You Look Out For?

Children may not always describe their symptoms clearly, so it’s important to look for behavioural clues as well as physical signs.

Common symptoms include:

• Stinging or burning sensations
• Red or watery eyes
• Frequent blinking or eye rubbing
• Blurred or fluctuating vision
• Sensitivity to light
• Difficulty concentrating on near tasks

How Can Parents Help Manage Dry Eye?

There are several simple, effective strategies that can make a meaningful difference.

• Encourage regular screen breaks

Limit screen time and follow the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, encourage your child to look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds.

• Keep their eyes hydrated

Encourage regular water intake and, where appropriate, use lubricating eye drops to help maintain moisture.

• Prioritise sleep

A consistent sleep routine allows the eyes to rest and recover properly.

• Maintain a balanced diet

Include omega-3-rich foods, which support healthy tear production.

• Attend regular eye examinations

This allows for early detection and professional guidance to help manage dry eyes effectively.

Why Early Management Matters

Although dry eye is not usually sight-threatening, it can significantly affect a child’s comfort, concentration, and performance. Persistent dryness may also increase the risk of eye irritation and inflammation if left unmanaged.

Early intervention helps maintain a healthy tear film and supports overall visual function.

A Balanced Approach to Eye Health

Dry eye in children is becoming more common, but it is highly manageable with the right approach. Small changes to daily habits, particularly around screen use and environment, can have a meaningful impact.

By recognising the signs early and supporting healthy visual habits, parents can help ensure their child’s eyes remain comfortable, healthy, and ready for learning.

If you have any concerns about your child’s eye health, our team at Martyn Kemp Opticians is here to help with expert advice and personalised care.